The federal Department of Transport was heavily involved in the construction and operation of Canadian airports from approximately 1940 to the mid 1990’s. The CAP Engineering Reference summarizes the technology applied by the Department for the engineering management of airfield pavements at these airports.
The reference may be downloaded as a 35 megabyte .pdf file from website:
www.airfieldpavements.ca.
G.H. Argue
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Chapter 1 : Pavement Structures
1.1 Quality Attributes
1.2 Pavement Types
1.3 Component Layers
1.4 Life Cycle Management
Chapter 2 : Construction Materials
2.1 Material Standards
2.1.1 Processed Materials
2.1.2 Trade Products
2.1.3 Test Methods
2.2 Soils and Aggregates
2.2.1 Basic Properties
2.2.2 Soil Types and Classification
2.2.3 Aggregate Standards
2.3 Binders
2.3.1 Asphalt Cement
2.3.2 Asphalt Emulsions and Cutbacks
2.3.3 Portland Cement
2.4 Mixes
2.4.1 Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete
2.4.2 Portland Cement Concrete
2.4.3 Other Mixes
Chapter 3 : Structural Design and Evaluation
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Methods
3.1.2 Design Objectives
3.1.3 Evaluation Objectives
3.2 Plate Load Relationships
3.2.1 Plate Bearing Strength
3.2.2 Plate Load versus Bearing Area, Deflection and Load Repetitions
3.2.3 Pavement Surface versus Subgrade Load
3.2.4 Equivalent Granular Thickness
3.3 Design Parameters
3.3.1 Traffic
3.3.2 Frost
3.3.3 Subgrade
3.4 Flexible Pavement Design and Evaluation
3.4.1 Equivalent Single Wheel Load
3.4.2 Design Equation
3.4.3 Design-Evaluation Charts
3.4.4 Minimum Thickness of Layers
3.5 Rigid Pavement Design and Evaluation
3.5.1 Stress Analysis of Concrete Slabs
3.5.2 Bearing Modulus
3.5.3 Concrete Strength and Overload Ratio
3.5.4 Design-Evaluation Charts
3.5.5 Minimum Thickness of Layers
3.5.6 Joints and Steel
3.6 Standard Gear Loads and Load Ratings
3.6.1 Pavement Design Thickness for Standard Gear Loads
3.6.2 Aircraft and Pavement Load Ratings
3.7 Roads and Carparks
3.7.1 Ground Vehicle Loads
3.7.2 Flexible Pavement Design
3.7.3 Rigid Pavement Design
3.8 Strengthening Overlays
3.8.1 Asphalt Overlay on a Flexible Pavement
3.8.2 Concrete Overlay on a Flexible Pavement
3.8.3 Asphalt Overlay on a Concrete Pavement
3.8.4 Concrete Overlay on Concrete Pavement
Chapter 4 : Construction Contract Supervision
4.1 Construction Quality
4.2 Administration Elements
4.2.1 Construction Contracts
4.2.2 Technical Specifications
4.2.3 Supervision Organization
4.2.4 Laboratory Facilities
4.2.5 Quality Control Program
4.3 General Activities
4.3.1 Aggregate Production
4.3.2 Material Weighing
4.3.3 Density and Compaction Measurements
4.3.4 Straightedge Measurements
4.4 Earthwork and Subgrade
4.4.1 Materials
4.4.2 Excavation
4.4.3 Placement
4.4.4 Compaction
4.4.5 Soil Modification
4.5 Subbase and Base
4.5.1 Material Placement
4.5.2 Compaction
4.5.3 Proof Rolling
4.5.4 Cement Stabilized Base
4.6 Asphalt Paving
4.6.1 Mix Production
4.6.2 Prime and Tack Coats
4.6.3 Placement
4.6.4 Compaction
4.6.5 Cold Weather Paving
4.6.6 Cold Mix and Surface Treatments
4.7 Concrete Paving
4.7.1 Mix Production
4.7.2 Placement
4.7.3 Texturing
4.7.4 Curing
4.7.5 Joints
4.7.6 Defective Work
4.8 Construction Contract Records
4.8.1 Supporting Details
4.8.2 Technical Records
Chapter 5 : Quality Evaluation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Bearing Strength
5.2.1 Description
5.2.2 Measurement Methods
5.2.3 Measurement Programming
5.2.4 Pavement Strength Codes
5.2.5 Pavement Strength Reporting
(ACN/PCN System)
5.3 Skid Resistance
5.3.1 Description
5.3.2 Major Factors Affecting Skid Resistance
5.3.3 Summer Measurement (Normal Wet State)
5.3.4 Winter Measurement (Solid State)
5.3.5 Hydroplaning
5.4 Ride Quality
5.4.1 Description
5.4.2 Riding Comfort Index
5.4.3 Profile Analysis Methods
5.4.4 Roughness Measuring Devices
5.4.5 Measurement Programming
5.4.6 Performance Trends
5.5 Structural Condition
5.5.1 Description
5.5.2 Inspection Methods
5.5.3 Inspection Programming
5.5.4 Performance Trends
Chapter 6 : Maintenance and Restoration
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Structural Maintenance vs Restoration
6.1.2 Types of Treatment
6.1.3 Scheduling and Programming
6.1.4 Materials and Specifications
6.2 Structural Maintenance of Asphalt Pavements
6.2.1 Crack Sealing
6.2.2 Replacement Patching
6.2.3 Pothole Patching
6.2.4 Heater Scarifying
6.2.5 Other Repairs
6.3 Structural Maintenance of Concrete Pavements
6.3.1 Joint Resealing and Crack Sealing
6.3.2 Surface Patching
6.3.3 Panel Replacement
6.3.4 Other Repairs
6.4 Operational Surface Maintenance
6.4.1 Pavement Markings
6.4.2 Rubber Removal, Surface Retexturing and Grooving
6.4.3 Gravel Surfaces
6.4.4 Turf Surfaces
6.4.5 Snow Removal and Ice Control
6.5 Pavement Restoration
6.5.1 Requirement
6.5.2 Overlays
6.5.3 Reconstruction and Replacement
6.5.4 Surface Treatments
Chapter 7 : Miscellaneous Topics
7.1 Planning and Programming
7.2 Life Cycle Costing
7.3 Drainage
7.4 Pavements in Permafrost Areas
7.5 Subgrade Elastic Modulus
Appendix A : Mathematical Models
Appendix B : Geotechnical Surveys
Appendix C : Construction Specifications
Appendix D : Maintenance Specifications
Appendix E : Standard Drawings
Appendix F : Bearing Strength Measurement
Appendix G : Structural Condition Survey
Appendix H : Engineering Management Records
Appendix I : Airstrips on Floating Ice Sheets
Appendix J : Selected Terms and Definitions
Appendix K : Listing of ASTM Standards
Appendix L : Industry Sources and References
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